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Thursday, October 14, 2010

XHTML Tag List

XHTML tags are used to mark-up XHTML elements .XHTML tags are case sensitive, All tags in XHTML come in pairs for example <b> and </b>. The text that lies between the start tag and the end tag is called the element content.In these pair of tags,the first tag is the start tag,and the second tag is called end tag

DTD: indicates in which XHTML 1.0 DTD the tag is allowed. S=Strict,F=Frameset & T=Transitional

Tag	Description	DTD
<!--...-->	Defines a comment	STF
<!DOCTYPE>	Defines the document type	STF
<acronym>	Defines an acronym	STF
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation	STF
<a>	Defines an anchor	STF
<address>	Defines an address element	STF
<area>	Defines an area inside an image map	STF
<applet>	Deprecated. Defines an applet	TF
<basefont>	Deprecated. Defines a base font	TF
<base>	Defines a base URL for all the links in a page	STF
<b>	Defines bold text	STF
<big>	Defines big text	STF
<bdo>	Defines the direction of text display	STF
<blockquote>	Defines a long quotation	STF
<br>	Inserts a single line break	STF
<body>	Defines the body element	STF
<button>	Defines a push button	STF
<center>	Deprecated. Defines centered text	TF
<caption>	Defines a table caption	STF
<cite>	Defines a citation	STF
<col>	Defines attributes for table columns	STF
<code>	Defines computer code text	STF
<dd>	Defines a definition description	STF
<colgroup>	Defines groups of table columns	STF
<dir>	Deprecated. Defines a directory list	TF
<del>	Defines deleted text	STF
<dfn>	Defines a definition term	STF
<div>	Defines a section in a document	STF
<dt>	Defines a definition term	STF
<dl>	Defines a definition list	STF
<em>	Defines emphasized text	STF
<fieldset>	Defines a fieldset	STF
<form>	Defines a form	STF
<font>	Deprecated. Defines text font, size, and color	TF
<frameset>	Defines a set of frames	F
<frame>	Defines a sub window (a frame)	F
<h1> to <h6>	Defines header 1 to header 6	STF
<head>	Defines information about the document	STF
<i>	Defines italic text	STF
<html>	Defines an html document	STF
<img>	Defines an image	STF
<hr>	Defines a horizontal rule	STF
<iframe>	Defines an inline sub window (frame)	TF
<input>	Defines an input field	STF
<ins>	Defines inserted text	STF
<isindex>	Deprecated. Defines a single-line input field	TF
<label>	Defines a label for a form control	STF
<kbd>	Defines keyboard text	STF
<legend>	Defines a title in a fieldset	STF
<li>	Defines a list item	STF
<link>	Defines a resource reference	STF
<meta>	Defines meta information	STF
<map>	Defines an image map	STF
<noframes>	Defines a noframe section	TF
<menu>	Deprecated. Defines a menu list	TF
<noscript>	Defines a noscript section	STF
<optgroup>	Defines an option group	STF
<object>	Defines an embedded object	STF
<ol>	Defines an ordered list	STF
<option>	Defines an option in a drop-down list	STF
<pre>	Defines preformatted text	STF
<p>	Defines a paragraph	STF
<param>	Defines a parameter for an object	STF
<q>	Defines a short quotation	STF
<samp>	Defines sample computer code	STF
<s>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text	TF
<script>	Defines a script	STF
<small>	Defines small text	STF
<strong>	Defines strong text	STF
<select>	Defines a selectable list	STF
<span>	Defines a section in a document	STF
<strike>	Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text	TF
<style>	Defines a style definition	STF
<sup>	Defines superscripted text	STF
<sub>	Defines subscripted text	STF
<table>	Defines a table	STF
<tbody>	Defines a table body	STF
<thead>	Defines a table header	STF
<td>	Defines a table cell	STF
<textarea>	Defines a text area	STF
<tfoot>	Defines a table footer	STF
<th>	Defines a table header	STF
<title>	Defines the document title	STF
<xmp>	Deprecated. Defines preformatted text
<tt>	Defines teletype text	STF
<tr>	Defines a table row	STF
<u>	Deprecated. Defines underlined text	TF
<var>	Defines a variable	STF
<ul>	Defines an unordered list	STF

XHTML Comments

You can add comments to XHTML documents to remind yourself or a document of what others were trying to make a web page. XHTML comments are just the source code of the page and is invisible to your users page - that is, the browser ignore the XHTML content of the comments. XHTML comment is an example of this:

e.g:
<html>
    <head>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>This is XHTML comment</h1>
        <p>XHTML comments are a useful way for Web developers</p>
        
    </body>
</html>

XHTML Encoding

XHTML files, and any other text file is stored using a particular character encoding. Since there are many different character encoding in the world, and have no idea what the settings in your default browser of the visitor, always a good idea to explicitly what the encoding used to make your web page . Here is an example of how to declare the character encoding, in this case, the Unicode encoding is used:
e.g:
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
</head>

When the browser sees this tag, it will know that the page is UTF-8, and displays the correct. XHTML requires that you declare the encoding, if it is something different then the default UTF-8 or UTF-16. You can also use XML defines the character encoding. Some character encodings are almost identical.

International Character Set Codes
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends the use of UTF-8 if possible - UTF-8 can be used in all languages, and is recommended charset on the Internet. Support is growing fast. However, here is a partial list of countries,languages, & the older characters are generally used for:

Language (country)	Charset
Afrikaans (AF)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Catalan (CA)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Bulgarian (BG)	iso-8859-5
Basque (EU)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Byelorussian (BE)	iso-8859-5
Croatian (HR)	iso-8859-2, windows-1250
Czech (CS)	iso-8859-2
Danish (DA)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Dutch (NL)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
English (EN)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Finnish (FI)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Albanian (SQ)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Esperanto (EO)	iso-8859-3*
Estonian (ET)	iso-8859-15
Hungarian (HU)	iso-8859-2
Faroese (FO)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Hebrew (IW)	iso-8859-8
French (FR)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Galician (GL)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
German (DE)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Icelandic (IS)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Inuit (Eskimo) languages	iso-8859-10*
Macedonian (MK)	iso-8859-5, windows-1251
Irish (GA)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Italian (IT)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Japanese (JA)	shift_jis, iso-2022-jp, euc-jp
Korean (KO)	euc-kr
Latvian (LV)	iso-8859-13, windows-1257
Lapp	iso-8859-10* **
Lithuanian (LT)	iso-8859-13, windows-1257
Portuguese (PT)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Maltese (MT)	iso-8859-3*
Polish (PL)	iso-8859-2
Norwegian (NO)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Serbian (SR) latin	iso-8859-2, windows-1250
Swedish (SV)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Russian (RU)	koi8-r, iso-8859-5
Romanian (RO)	iso-8859-2
Serbian (SR) cyrillic	windows-1251, iso-8859-5***
Turkish (TR)	iso-8859-9, windows-1254
Slovak (SK)	iso-8859-2
Slovenian (SL)	iso-8859-2, windows-1250
Spanish (ES)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Scottish (GD)	iso-8859-1, windows-1252
Ukrainian (UK)	iso-8859-5
Arabic (AR)	iso-8859-6

XHTML DOCTYPES

There are three current flavors of both HTML 4 and XHTML 1.0: strict, transitional, and frameset. These different levels of support for XHTML are designed to help separate a web page, design of the structure - in essence, the W3C was the allocation of items for the eventual withdrawal of the specifications. XHTML Strict is characterized by the ban of these tags is called depricated. The two levels of support frames and the transition will depricated labels, with the only difference that allows the use of HTML frames.

XHTML 1.0 Strict:
If you plan to use strictly Cascading Style Sheet and does not write most of the XHTML attributes so it is recommended to use this DTD. A document in accordance with this DTD will be better.
If you want to use DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict then you need to put the following in the top of the XHTML document.

<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" 
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

XHTML 1.0 Transitional:
If you plan to use a number of XHTML attributes as well as a few CSS style sheet, you should accept this DTD, and you should write a document based on DTD XHTML.
If you want to use XHTML 1.0 Transitional DTD then you need to pur following line at the top of your XHTML document.

<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

XHTML 1.0 Frameset:
You can use it when you want to use HTML Frames to partition the browser window into two or more frames.
If you want to use XHTML 1.0 Frameset DTD then you need to pur following line at the top of your XHTML document.

<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">

XHTML vs HTML

XHTML is not very different from the HTML 4.01 standard.So, bring your code up to 4.01 standard is a good start.

Given the fact that XHTML is an XML application, certain practices that were perfectly legal in SGML-based HTML 4 has been amended accordingly. You've already seen the XHTML syntax in the previous chapter, then the differences in XHTML and HTML are very clear:

XHTML documents must be well formed:
This means that all elements must have closing tags and all the elements must nest properly.
e.g:
<p>XHTML documents must be well formed:</p>

Attribute names must be in lower case:
XHTML documents must use lower case for all the names of HTML elements and attributes. This distinction is necessary because the document is considered XML XHTML, XML, and uppercase and lowercase letters.
e.g. <p>.....</p>

Document is a XHTML DOCTYPE declaration at the top of the document.
e.g:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<title>XHTML</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

All the attribute values must be quoted.
All attribute values must be quoted, even those which appear to be numeric.
e.g:
<td rowspan="3">

Wednesday, October 13, 2010

XHTML Syntax

XHTML syntax is very similar to HTML syntax, and almost all HTML elements are valid in XHTML as well. But when you write an XHTML document must pay a little more attention to your HTML document to XHTML compliance.

Here are important things to remember when writing a new XHTML document, or edit the HTML document, an XHTML document:

document is a XHTML DOCTYPE declaration at the top of the document.
Attribute names must be in lower case
All XHTML tags will have their end tags.
All the attribute values must be quoted.
Id attribute replaces the name attribute.
All tags must be properly nested

XHTML

XHTML is the next generation of HTML and is a hybrid between HTML and XML.

XHTML stands for Extensible HyperText Markup Language.
XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML .

XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01 with only a few differences. This version is cleaner and more strict HTML 4.01.XHTML was developed by the W3C to help Web developers make the transition from HTML to XML. By migrating to XHTML today, web developers in the XML world with all its benefits, but still feel safe on their content and backward compatibility.
Developers to migrate their content to XHTML 1.0 will realize the following benefits:

XHTML compliant XML documents. As such, they are easily viewed, edited and validated with standard XML tools.
XHTML documents can be written to work better than before in the existing browsers as well as new browsers.